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The Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDR) curves are one of the most commonly used tools in the determination of design storms, which are the main input for the design of different hydraulic and infrastructure projects. Also, IDR curves are widely used in hydrological and hydraulic modelling for flood mapping and territory planning. These curves are defined as a function that relates mean rainfall intensity with its duration and return period.
However, the nonexistence of a long history of recording rain gauge data, essential for a reliable and robust statistical analysis, jeopardizes the application of the mentioned methods. In Argentina and other developing countries, the number of recording rain gauges is not only reduced but has also decreased in the last decades. Furthermore, many recording stations have incomplete or short records, and are consequently not suitable for the analysis.
The main aim of this thesis is to analyze the viability of using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation estimates to build IDR curves. This Mission offers different kind of products, particularly rain rate estimates over vast areas of the Earth’s surface, which are freely available online. In this case, the 3B42 v7 product was used, which contains rainfall rate estimates with a three-hour temporal resolution and a seventeen-year record. Given the above, a methodology for IDR curves elaboration using these data was developed.
In order to test the reliability of the estimates, six case studies were defined for different cities of Argentina, where long term pluviometric data (i.e. non-recording daily readings) as well as reliable IDR curves developed by other authors are available. With these data, it is possible to contrast the IDR curves derived from TRMM data with those of other sources usually utilized by engineers for hydraulic projects when conventional IDR curves are not available in the area. Additionally, as another quantitative approach, a storm drain has been sized using the different IDR curves in order to compare the resulting diameters, all other variables (storm duration and shape, basin characteristics, conduit features) kept constant. Furthermore,a cost estimate was done in order to quantify the incremental or decremental economic impact of using these remote-sensing estimates.
The results obtained show that the difference between using TRMM precipitation estimates and pluviometric data is negligible with respect to the recording rain gauge data. The main conclusion is that alternative sources, like the satellite precipitation estimates utilized in this thesis, proved beneficial to overcome the lack of in situ rain gauge data and, consequently, constitute a valid tool for the hydraulic engineer, especially for projects where the design return period is less than 20 years.
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